流传多年的奇文：黑色困境（含音频）

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编译 | 杰克

朗读 | 海伦

编者按：

“你不能通过立法使富人失去自由而使穷人进入自由。”

“你无法通过分配财富来倍增财富。”

过去几年，一篇题目为《黑色困境( The Black Dilemma)》的文章, 在网上流传甚广。据说是名记者伊恩·邓肯（Ian Duncan）发表在《巴尔的摩太阳报（The Baltimore Sun）》。 这篇文章被左派媒体称为“赤裸裸的种族主义”。身为自由派媒体的《巴尔的摩太阳报》否认曾经发表过这篇文章，也否认与这篇文章有任何联系。但其思想内容却是发人深省。

我们认为，美国宪法阐述的所有人“人人受造而平等”的理念完全符合基督教信仰，人不因肤色和种族而具有地位的高低之分。每个人都是神的创造，然而每个人的禀赋和恩赐是不同的，一个理想的社会体制就是让不同的个体都能发挥他们的禀赋和恩赐，并因此得到收获。由于各个族裔信仰不同、文明发展历程不同，因而各个族裔之间确实存在思考能力、创造能力和生产能力上的差异，体现在分配上，就出现了贫富的差异。但是一个不看肤色、不分种族，按能力和贡献分配的制度，无疑要比一个对特定种族给与特别优待，不考虑其能力和贡献，平均分配社会财富，更为合理，更能促进文明相对落后的族裔迅速跟上先进族裔的步伐。

对特定种族给予特别优待鼓励了这个族裔内心“贪恋他人钱财”的恶，在实践上是也是失败的，它使这个族裔出现了高比例的家庭解体，导致家庭教育的严重缺失，文化素质在低水平停滞不前，犯罪率居高不下。造成了更严重的贫富分化和社会治安问题。

我们将这篇文章翻译出来，以飨读者。英文原文附在后面。

近150年来，美国一直在进行一个有趣的实验。

实验对象：黑人和蓝领白人。

实验的命题：从非洲丛林中强迫抓来的奴隶，是否可以融入以白人为主的社会？

白人是创造了辉煌文明的欧洲人的后裔。以前的奴隶是部落民族，他们没有书写文字，基本上没有才智上的成就。美国政府采取了对两边群体都不公平的政策：将刚被解放的黑人释放到白人社会中，而白人将他们视为低等人群。自此以后，美国一直在种族问题中挣扎。

几十年来问题一直存在着，但做实验的人却从未放弃实验。他们坚持认为如果能够找到对的方式，这个实验将会起作用，接着只要按部就班地推行，便会得到预期的效果。他们创立了“自由人署（Freedman’s Bureau）”；通过了民权法案；试图建立“卓越协会（the Great Society）”；扬言对贫困宣战；指令种族优先选择；成立住房计划；并尝试了午夜打篮球运动。

他们的这些新法律以从来想象不到的方式侵入人们的生活。他们召集国民警卫队加强学校融合；他们宣布结社自由为非法；在父母的抗议下，他们把白人孩子送上公共汽车，将他们送去黑人学校上学；反之亦然；他们尝试通过金钱，特殊计划，放松学习标准，以及无休止地绞尽脑汁，来达到缩小成绩的差距！

为了制止白人的强烈反对，他们开始惩罚公开甚至私人的关于种族的言论。他们挂起「奥威尔」式的公开横幅，命令白人「歌颂多元化」，对种族主义说“不”。为了挽救他们的实验，可以无所不用其极。

有人认为W.E.B.杜波依斯（Du Bois）的「才华的十分之一」理念将为黑人领路。一群受过良好教育的黑人精英们将可以因此跨越「机会的门坎」，向世界展示黑人的能力。

【编者注：威廉·爱德华·伯格哈特·杜波依斯（William Edward Burghardt "W. E. B." Du Bois 1868年2月－1963年8月）是美国社会学家、历史学家、民权运动者、泛非主义者、作家和编辑。杜波依斯出生于马萨诸塞州大巴灵顿，在一个相对包容、多元的环境中长大。他是哈佛大学第一个取得博士学位的非裔美国人，毕业之后任职于亚特兰大大学，教授历史学、社会学和经济学。杜波依斯是1909年美国全国有色人种协进会的最初创建者之一。

杜波依斯因为领导非裔美国人为黑人寻求平等权利的运动，开始在国内声名鹊起。他反对布克·华盛顿倡导的“亚特兰大妥协案”，坚持争取黑人完整的公民权利和逐步增加的政治参与，他认为这些将由非裔美国人中的知识精英实现，他称这些人为“天才的十分之一”，因此杜波依斯认为非裔美国人需要先进的教育来发展其领导力。

杜波依斯相信，资本主义是种族主义的主要原因，他一生都怀有对社会主义事业的同情，在93岁高龄时加入了共产党并会见了斯大林和毛泽东。】

这里存在着「才华的十分之一」，他们就是已经成为企业家，律师，医生和科学家的美国黑人。但是百分之十还是不够。为了使实验成功，必须在这百分之十的人群之后继续跟进一定数量的人，这些人要能担任中产阶级的工作并促进社会稳定。那就是这个实验所缺少的。

多年来，太多的黑人继续显示出，他们无法在一个不适合他们的文化里运作和发展。底特律已经破产，芝加哥的南区成了战场，全美绝大多数黑人城市都被堕落和暴力所困扰。黑人从不为自己的失败负责，取而代之的是他们的愤怒与不满。

正如我们在底特律、瓦茨、纽瓦克、洛杉矶、辛辛那提、弗格森、明尼阿波利斯和亚特兰大所看到的那样，纵观数代，横贯全国各地，都只需要一次种族事件即可一触即发骚乱和抢劫。白人精英们会告诉我们，这并不意味着实验失败了。他们说只需要加倍努力，我们需要更多的钱，更多的时间，更多的了解，更多的项目和更多的机会。

但是，无论花多少钱，通过了多少法律，电视上刻画多少黑人天才，还是谁当总统，都不会改变。有人认为这是文化问题，好像文化创造了人们的行为，而不是反过来。其他人则归咎于白人特权。

然而自1965年以来，当精英们打开美洲通往第三世界的大门时，来自亚洲和印度的移民, 那些非白人，不富有，又没有社会关系的人都悄悄地成功了。这些人的孩子赢得拼字比赛，并在SAT考试中获得最高分的同时，黑人青年犯下了国内一半的暴力罪行，其中包括在大街上恶毒地向白人随机殴打，为的是刺激，与贫困并无关系。

此项实验失败了！不是因为白人文化、白人特权或白人种族主义。根本问题是，美国黑人文化已演变成无法修补和罪案累累的混乱局面。他们不想改变自己的文化和社会，却希望别人容忍自己的暴力和不道德行为。他们自己造成与其他种族在社会上互不相容，非因为其他种族的歧视--而是因为他们对非黑人的仇恨。

我们的领袖们似乎并不了解，他们的白人受试者在这项实验中有多疲累。他们不懂白人不是要去打击黑人；他们只是被黑人弄得筋疲力尽。他们被社会病态，暴力，无休止的抱怨，盲目的种族团结，无底的怨恨，借口，和反射的敌意搞得筋疲力尽。精英们用「种族歧视」为一切做解释，并且拒绝相信，白人的挫败感很快就会达到沸点。

“你不能通过立法使富人失去自由而使穷人进入自由。一个人不经过劳动而获得的东西，正是另一个人劳动却不能得到的成果。政府不能给任何人任何由政府先从别人那里取走的东西。当一半的人认为自己不必工作是因为另一半会照顾他们，而另一半的人却认为工作无济于事因为有人会拿走他们工作的成果，我亲爱的朋友，这将是任何国家面临的终点。你无法通过分配财富来倍增财富。” 

原文：

The Black Dilemma

For almost 150 years the United States has been conducting an interesting experiment. The subjects of the experiment: black people and working-class whites.

The hypothesis to be tested: Can a people taken from the jungles of Africa and forced into slavery be fully integrated as citizens in a majority white population?

The whites were descendants of Europeans who had created a majestic civilization. The former slaves had been tribal peoples with no written language and virtually no intellectual achievements. Acting on a policy that was not fair to either group, the government released newly freed black people into a white society that saw them as inferiors. America has struggled with racial discord ever since.

Decade after decade the problems persisted but the experimenters never gave up. They insisted that if they could find the right formula the experiment would work, and concocted program after program to get the result they wanted. They created the Freedman’s Bureau, passed civil rights laws, tried to build the Great Society, declared War on Poverty, ordered race preferences, built housing projects, and tried midnight basketball.

Their new laws intruded into people’s lives in ways that would have been otherwise unthinkable. They called in National Guard troops to enforce school integration. They outlawed freedom of association. Over the protests of parents, they put white children on buses and sent them to black schools and vice-versa. They tried with money, special programs, relaxed standards, and endless hand wringing to close the achievement gap. To keep white backlash in check they began punishing public and even private statements on race. They hung up Orwellian public banners that commanded whites to Celebrate Diversity! and Say No to Racism. Nothing was off limits if it might salvage the experiment.

Some thought that what W.E.B. DuBois called the Talented Tenth would lead the way for black people. A group of elite, educated blacks would knock down doors of opportunity and show the world what blacks were capable of.

There is a Talented Tenth. They are the black Americans who have become entrepreneurs, lawyers, doctors and scientists. But ten percent is not enough. For the experiment to work, the ten percent has to be followed by a critical mass of people who can hold middle-class jobs and promote social stability. That is what is missing.

Through the years, too many black people continue to show an inability to function and prosper in a culture unsuited to them. Detroit is bankrupt, the south side of Chicago is a war zone, and the vast majority of black cities all over America are beset by degeneracy and violence. And blacks never take responsibility for their failures. Instead, they lash out in anger and resentment.

Across the generations and across the country, as we have seen in Detroit, Watts, Newark, Los Angeles, Cincinnati, Ferguson, and Minneapolis and Atlanta, rioting and looting are just one racial incident away. The white elite would tell us that this doesn't mean the experiment has failed. We just have to try harder. We need more money, more time, more understanding, more programs, and more opportunities.

But nothing changes no matter how much money is spent, no matter how many laws are passed, no matter how many black geniuses are portrayed on TV, and no matter who is president. Some argue it’s a problem of culture, as if culture creates people’s behavior instead of the other way around. Others blame white privilege.

But since 1965, when the elites opened Americas doors to the Third World, immigrants from Asia and India, people who are not white, not rich, and not connected have quietly succeeded. While the children of these people are winning spelling bees and getting top scores on the SAT, black youths are committing half the country's violent crime, which includes viciously punching random white people on the street for the thrill of it that has nothing to do with poverty.

The experiment has failed. Not because of white culture, or white privilege, or white racism. The fundamental problem is that American black culture has evolved into an un-fixable and crime ridden mess. They do not want to change their culture or society, and expect others to tolerate their violence and amoral behavior. They have become socially incompatible with other races by their own design, not because of the racism of others - but by their own hatred of non-blacks.

Our leaders don't seem to understand just how tired their white subjects are with this experiment. They don't understand that white people aren't out to get black people; they are just exhausted with them. They are exhausted by the social pathologies, the violence, the endless complaints, and the blind racial solidarity, the bottomless pit of grievances, the excuses, and the reflexive animosity. The elites explain everything with racism, and refuse to believe that white frustration could soon reach the boiling point."

"You can't legislate the poor into freedom by legislating the wealthy out of freedom. What one person receives without working for, another person must work for without receiving. The government can't give to anybody anything that the government doesn't first take from somebody else. When half of the people get the idea that they don't have to work because the other half is going to take care of them, and when the other half gets the idea that it does no good to work because somebody else is going to get what they work for, that my dear friend, is about the end of any nation.

You cannot multiply wealth by dividing it."

Ian Duncan

The Baltimore Sun

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